All my cameras

For the sake of documentation and discussion, here is a list of all the cameras I have ever owned:

Lime green McDonald’s camera

  • Obtained as part of a McDonald’s Happy Meal, used to take photos in Czechoslovakia as a child
  • Used 110 cartridge film

Minolta Freedom AF Big Finder point-and-shoot (P&S) film camera

  • Used 35mm film, like all subsequent film cameras to date
  • Christmas gift used for years, including to take photos during the first and second LIFEboat Flotillas
  • Stolen and replaced by insurance company

Used Pentax ME Super single lens reflex (SLR) film camera

  • Acquired in 11th grade, first ‘artistic’ camera, purchased used from North Vancouver photo store
  • 50mm lens owned, telephoto and wide angle lenses borrowed
  • Used in England
  • Mostly used with black and white negative films: Ilford Delta 400 and Kodak T-Max 100 and 400
  • Eventually sold back to the shop where it was purchased

Canon Rebel G entry-level film SLR

  • Purchased in search of better metering and reliability than the MX Super provided
  • Established me as a probable Canon user for life, though I didn’t realize the significance at the time
  • Purchased with Canon 50mm f/1.8 lens, rather than kit lens
  • Subsequently purchased Canon 28-105mm f/3.5-4.5 II USM, while living in Montreal
  • Used in Italy and the Czech Republic in summer 2004

Canon Elan 7N semi-professional film SLR

  • Purchased toward the end of undergrad
  • Used in Malta, Ireland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom
  • Not really the best use of money. Another lens would have been better.

Canon A510 P&S digital camera

  • Purchased at Staples shortly before going to Oxford, primary camera used for documenting Oxford years
  • Camera used for most of my photo.net images
  • Used for in Estonia, Finland, Malta, Scotland, Ireland, Turkey, France, Wales, and Morocco
  • Sent to Canon for repair when a large blob of dust and/or mold appeared on the sensor

Canon A570 IS P&S digital camera

Canon Rebel XS entry-level digital SLR

  • Came with 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS kit lens, which was eventually returned along with the body to the manufacturer
  • Later purchased replacement for broken Canon 50mm f/1.8 as well as Canon 70-200mm f/4L IS USM and Canon 24-70mm f/2.8L USM.
  • Also used with rented Canon EF-S 10-22mm f/3.5-4.5 USM (See: night and day)
  • Electrical problems twice, flash problem once, eventually returned to Canon as defective

Canon 5D Mark II semi-professional digital SLR

  • Replacement for dead Rebel XS

Each camera was of considerable use, and taught me something about photography. The general pattern has been buying an entry-level version of some sort of camera and eventually replacing it with one or more superior successors. In each case, the transition to a new class of camera has been more important than subsequent upgrading within the class – that goes for going from P&S to SLR, going from film to digital, and going from digital P&S to digital SLR.

  • Best value for money: the A570 IS
  • The camera I learned the most from: either the MX Super or the Rebel XS
  • Most fun to use: all the SLRs
  • Biggest savings anchor: the 5D Mark II, which cost as much as all the previous cameras put together

At some point, I would like to try either a 35mm or a digital rangefinder, as well as medium format film.

Try f/8

The relative aperture of a photographic lens is really important, when it comes to the quality of the photos that arise in most situations.

If you have the sort of camera where you can specify an aperture – as is possible on all film SLR camera, all digital SLR cameras, and many point and shoot digital cameras – try taking some photos using f/8. Almost regardless of the lens being used, this will often generate rather lovely images.

If the shutter speed your camera picks when you set the aperture to f/8 is slower than one over the focal length of your lens, do something to keep the camera still. That is to say, if you are using a 50mm lens with a shutter speed of less than 1/50th of a second, you are likely to end up with a blurred shot. To avoid that, you can brace against something solid if you are just a bit below. If you are looking at really long exposures – say, more than half a second – either put your camera on a tripod or rest it on something solid and use a countdown timer.

f/8 is usually beautiful. It excludes stray photons that are problematic, and it doesn’t usually cause diffraction. Please give it a try.

Flash grenades for photographic lighting

I have frequently pointed out the pointlessness of people using the built-in flashes on their cameras to try to light cathedrals, scenic vistas, stadiums, and the like. It should be self-evidently obvious that these small, AA-powered flashes are incapable of such a task. That said, it does seem plausible that many (even most) photographers simply use their cameras in a fully automatic mode, substituting its limited judgment for their own.

Despite all that, I had a curious thought the other night when looking across at Parliament from Champlain Hill. I know that the military and law enforcement agencies use flash grenades to surprise and disorient people inside buildings. I wonder whether it could be possible to use one or more such devices to produce photographic illumination of giant or distant objects. As long as you used a shutter speed longer than the time it takes them to flash, it should be possible to make use of their light, and triggering them could be as simple as using the radio triggers commonly employed with conventional flashes.

I wonder whether anyone has ever tried such a thing…

Montreal spring, by night

Despite being right at the cusp of spring, the nights I recently spent in Montreal were decidedly mild and enjoyable. They made it more than worthwhile to lug around a tripod.

In addition to the sometimes intriguing distortion produced by very wide angle lenses, one useful property is how their short focal lengths allow for relatively long handheld exposures, without too much danger of camera shake. It is certainly novel to be able to shoot at 1/20″ with a lens lacking in image stabilization capabilities.

I think I was the oldest person at this party, by the space of several years. Nonetheless, it was a colourful and entertaining event and a nice counterpoint to the calmer parts of the weekend.

Climbing Mont Royal at night is certainly one of the nicest and most scenic things to do in Montreal. Personally, I think the city is best viewed from above at night, though it can also be quite pleasant around sunset.

I have fond memories of going up in the midst of an intense but very warm thunderstorm with my friend Viktoria, back when I was participating in the Summer Language Bursary program.

I like the interplay of colours here, particularly the orange and green on the stairs and the blaring purple from inside the building.

While Montreal does have a substantial urban core, it certainly cannot rival Toronto for sheer bulk or Vancouver for startling growth. Indeed, whereas Vancouver felt substantially denser when I visited in December than when I was there a few years before, Montreal basically seems like the same place now as it was in 2003.

Rue St. Denis may be a bit touristy, but it contains a substantial variety of pubs and restaurants, as well as some interesting murals and graffiti.

Fondue is actually a very nice dinner option, when you want to have an extended conversation. The need to individually cook each item to be eaten extends the meal in a rather pleasing and natural way.

I have always rather liked the standard architecture of Montreal lowrise houses: with a balcony at the second level and a staircase rising up to it either directly or in a curve.

It is around this monument in Parc Mont Royal that the famous ‘Tam Tam Jams’ occur, along with many other informal social activities. While I was taking these night photos, there was unusual shouting and drumming emerging from somewhere within the darkened trees uphill, along with the noticeable scent of wood smoke.

The distortion from a wide-angle lens does seem to have the commendable property of being able to make a vertical monument look like the heavy foot of some elephant or dinosaur.

The vertical lines here are lens flares, induced by the streetlights that run in front of the monument (and which make it so nicely lit for long exposures, from that direction).

Throughout the Easter weekend, these parks were full of people picnicking, playing sports, and generally enjoying themselves. At night, the area is rather more gloomy and desolate. The few people who you do encounter – often as they skirt along in the shadows – sometimes make you glad for being a relatively large and tall man, with a substantial aluminum tripod at hand.

These trees have a rather menacing look that matches the atmosphere of the area, at least on some nights.

Montreal spring, by day

Montreal has always been a city which I have appreciated. As an undergraduate, I was lucky enough to spend most of a summer there, participating in the Summer Language Bursary Program. The city is a layered and culturally engaging one. I was happy to visit my brother there for the Easter weekend.

The Montreal metro probably has the most character of any in Canada – largely owing to how the design of each station differs substantially. Vancouver probably has the nicest views from overhead track, but Montreal almost certainly has the most to offer underground.

While they are far from flattering, portraits taken on wide-angle zoom lenses can have an interesting quality. This one of my brother was taken in a diner where we were having a late breakfast.

One definite advantage of wide-angle lenses is that they allow you to incorporate people into images in such a way that they assume themselves to be quite outside the frame.

As with Paris, Montreal is notable for having excellent graffiti in places – though it is regrettable that vandals with no skill frequently decide to emblazon their insignificant aliases on the works of far better artists.

Heading up Rue Mont Royal, I encountered a very friendly bus driver who was eating her lunch. She encouraged me to explore the bus storage and maintenance depot around us, despite many ominous signs warning of grim consequences for outsiders who did do.

A firefighter I encountered was equally welcoming. Their approach contrasted substantially with a security guard at the Journal de Montreal building, at the foot of the road, who gruffly informed me that I had no right to be in their parking lot. Their building was boring, anyhow.

The Plateau area, where my brother is living presently, has a wide variety of attractive and interesting buildings. It’s remarkable how they serve as variations on a theme, yet still express such architectural scope.

Even with a rented Canon 10-22mm f/3.5-4.5 lens, I could not resist making some use of the superb Canon 70-200mm f/4 L telephoto zoom. Of all the lenses I have owned or used, it may well have the best optical properties.

At the head of Rue Mont Royal, up against the mountain of the same name, there is a park with a stately monument. It is often a nexus for social gatherings, such as the ‘Tam Tam Jams’ which often permeate Sunday evenings with the sound of drum music, for many blocks around.

The same statue, seen from a wider perspective, gives some sense of how it looks in aggregate.

Among the many other spiral staircases of Montreal, this particular one led down from the balcony of a flat inhabited by a friend of my brother to a yard that has become a favourite hangout for cats. We saw at least a dozen lounging there at once, that afternoon.

This insignia adorns a fence somewhere in the slightly ambiguous zone between the park with the monument and the beginning of the McGill University campus.

While not the most attractive of photos, this one amuses me on account of how the car and building blend in a shape like a large clown shoe.

This angelic statue sits beside the largest contained green space at McGill, near the entrance to one of the libraries.

Fountain statue, McGill University

One of three bearers of a fountain within a fountain is shown here.

Here again is the park with the monument. During the Easter weekend, it was an incredibly active place, well populated with many locals taking advantage of the time off and very fine spring weather.

One odd feature of being a semi-regular visitor to Montreal is that I become familiar with bits of graffiti, only to see them subsequently altered, erased, or overwritten.

Tomorrow, I will put up some photos of Montreal by night.

Digital photo frames have stupid aspect ratios

The aspect ratio of an image of photograph is the ratio of the length of one side to the length of the other. For instance, 35mm film, 4×6″ prints, and full-frame digital sensors all have proportions of 3:2. Most APS-C sensors, used in cheaper digital dSLRs are also around 3:2. Images from my Rebel XS are 3888 × 2592 pixels, which is a 3:2 aspect ratio.

Standard definition televisions and many point and shoot digital cameras use an aspect ratio that is closer to square: 4:3. 4:3 is also used for Four Thirds system cameras and 645 medium format cameras. For instance, my old Canon A570 IS produces images that are 3072 x 2304 pixels, which is a 4:3 aspect ratio.

What vexes and perplexes me is the fondness digital picture frame manufacturers have for making wide-screen devices. They have ratios like 16:9 and 15:9, which means that images from virtually any sort of commonly-used film or digital camera will appear with relatively thick bands of black screen space on either side. This is akin to watching a VHS tape or standard television broadcase on a wide-screen high-definition television. Given how much digiframe manufacturers charge for screen space (a good 10″ frame costs around $300, whereas 19″ LCD monitors can be had for around $150), it seems foolish for them to throw away so much of it. Why spend $300 on Sony’s DPF-V1000 frame knowing that a good fraction of the screen space will be wasted with every photo you ever display?

A frame with a 3:2 aspect ratio would show images from film and higher grade digicams perfectly, and images from cheaper digicams with minor bars. Why this is not the standard for digital photo frames therefore bewilders me. It might have something to do with being able to brand them ‘high definition.’ Of course, you can have a 3:2 aspect ratio frame with any level of definition you want: it could be three billion by two billion pixels!

Aside on ‘megapixels’

It is also worth noting how the number of pixels along the long edge of an image gives a better idea of comparative resolution than megapixel count. After all, it follows that the size of each pixel will shrink by half, every time you cram twice as many of them along either edge.

Looking at the pixels, it is easy to see that the A570 has 79% of the resolution of the Rebel XS. By contrast, reading that the Rebel has a 10.1 megapixel sensor and the A570 has a 7.1 megapixel sensor might lead to a customer being mistaken about how much more image quality they are getting. The difference gets even more significant with higher end cameras. A consumer might naively think that a 21.1 megapixel 5D Mark II has three times the resolution of my cheap A570IS. In fact, it produces photos that are 5616 x 3744 pixels. The sensor in the A570 puts out 55% as many.

Admittedly, there are many properties of the sensor that are at least as important as resolution, such as noise level at high ISO settings. That is why I argue that – above 6 megapixels or so – resolution ceases to be an important issue in comparing cameras. Factors like noise and dynamic range are much more important

Chaudiere Bridge and Domtar Mill

For two years, the Chaudiere Bridge and Domtar Mill were between home and work for me. Indeed, throughout Ottawa’s long winter bus strike (and much of the time in nicer months), I would walk through both most days of the week. The mill is mostly shut down now, though part of it has been converted into a run-of-river hydroelectric station.

While there are still security personnel and vehicles around, most of the mill seems to be shut down and locked up. The area is full of fences, locks, and barbed wire.

I love how malicious this lightning creature looks, striking down the small boy. It is certainly an effective warning sign.

High-pressure steam pipes run all around the complex. At regular intervals there are pressure release systems that vent steam every few seconds.

Both upstream and downstream, there are signs and barriers to warn boaters about the dam.

For several months last year, the Chaudiere Bridge was either closed or taking restricted traffic, because of concerns about its structural stability. Ottawa’s freeze-thaw cycles are brutal on infrastructure, especially roads and bridges.

I have always found bridges to be especially elegant and compelling structures. It has something to do with the mathematics of them, as well as the way in which they serve as an interface between human desires and the natural environments in which people live.

These green struts extend around the bridge, mostly supporting thick steam pipes that run between different parts of the mill.

Most of the metal in the area is corroded to one extent or another. Part of that must be the result of constant exposure to the salt used by the city to keep the roads and sidewalks relatively clear of ice in the winters.

Even on a Sunday evening, the bridge always has traffic. Walking to and from work may have contributed to my increasingly genuine hatred of automobiles. Single individuals, needlessly spilling greenhouse gases to propel themselves around in giant hulks of metal and glass, splashing and killing pedestrians and cyclists alike.

Even in the more remote accessible corners of the Domtar complex, you can see papers and personal effects behind windows. It is hard to tell whether these are active offices, or abandoned workspaces.

The complex is full of interesting structural details – power cables, girders, metal and concrete works built to constrain the flow of the river.

One of the taller Domtar buildings has been converted into an indoor climbing gym. As far as I can tell, this one has just been boarded up and abandoned.

On the eastern side of part of the complex, some sort of big recycling effort is underway. These girders may eventually find their way into something new.

The giant recycling bins themselves are corroded, with peeling paint and sharp edges.

Apparently, there were three previous Chaudiere bridges: 1827, 1845, and 1892.

Donate art for Haiti

Ottawa Centre Member of Parliament Paul Dewar is collecting art, which will be sold to raise money for victims of the earthquake in Haiti. Local artists who want to donate something should get in touch with his office (Dewarp1@parl.gc.ca). All donations must be confirmed by February 5th. Only one work per person will be accepted.

The art will be sold on Tuesday, February 9th at the Cube Gallery, on 7 Hamilton Street. It will be on display as of 11:00am, with a sale starting at 6:00pm and an auction at 8:00pm. Some light snacks will apparently be provided.

I will be donating one of the remaining prints from my Raw Sugar photo exhibition.

[Update: 10:43am] An error was corrected in the post above. The date listed is now correct.

[Update: 2:23pm] Readers in Toronto may be interested in attending the Haitian relief fundraiser my friend Tristan is organizing. It is on Saturday, February 6th at 8:00pm. $10 will get you a buffet vegan dinner and the chance to hear music from Tyler Shipley and several other musical acts.

Pro-photography protest in London

Yesterday’s pro-photography protest in London was rather encouraging. Amateur and professional photographers came together to protest the restrictions and harassment of photographers that has developed in response to concerns about terrorism. The protest follows a European Court of Human Rights ruling that police don’t have the right to indiscriminately search people, just because they are taking photos. The “I’m a photographer, not a terrorist” campaign has objected specifically to police using Section 44 of the UK’s Terrorism Act to harass photographers. High-profile recent incidents include “7 armed police detaining an award winning architectural photographer in the City of London, the arrest of a press photographer covering campaigning santas at City Airport and the stop and search of a BBC photographer at St Paul’s Cathedral and many others.”

In addition to creating art and a historical record, photography has an important role to play in keeping security entities accountable for their actions. As I have said before, photography is an important mechanism for maintaining oversight over the police and private security forces. Restrictions on photograpy allow for power to be used with less oversight, probably leading to more incidents of abuse and fewer cases in which abusers are punished. Indeed, it has been shown repeatedly that only photo or video evidence is sufficient to produce convictions for police brutality. In short, restricting photography makes us less safe.

Both casual photographers and those with a more substantial connection to the practice should be aware of their rights as photographers, and be willing to stand up when people try to bully them out of taking pictures. The British campaign has produced a pocket sized card outlining what rights individuals have when stopped by a police officer. I have been meaning to print off and laminate a card with the relevant sections of Canadian law, for use next time someone insists that taking photos in public spaces is forbidden.

Media from the anti-prorogation protests

Today’s Ottawa protest against the prorogation of Parliament drew fewer people than the Fill The Hill climate protest, though it enjoyed much nicer weather.

Here is a slideshow of all of my photos from today. Higher resolution versions are available on request.

One of the more entertaining parts of today’s rally was Trevor Strong‘s song “The Wild Proroguer.” This member of the Arrogant Worms modified a traditional song to include lyrics about Canada’s second prorogation in about a year. The MP3 is on his website; I uploaded a video of the performance on Parliament Hill to YouTube.

This might be the funniest sign I saw today. The owner will never need to make another one, regardless of how many protests or counter-protests they decide to attend.

Note: all this content is covered by a Creative Commons license. Feel free to use it for non-commercial purposes, with attribution.

[Update: 24 January 2010] Other Ottawa bloggers also attended the event: Zoom, Watawa Life, and Coyote.