Merry Christmas

To all my friends who I did not have the chance to send a Turkish postcard / Christmas card, I hope the holidays find you healthy, happy, and in the company of those who you care about. Thinking about friends and family members all around the world, I am reminded of how lucky I have been to meet such a diverse, fascinating, and caring group of people.

While the time since my return from Istanbul has certainly not been as productive as I might have hoped, I am optimistic that the sheer terror evoked by fast-approaching deadlines will soon have me churning through pages and hammering out paragraphs. As they say: “A graduate student is a device that converts coffee into research papers.”

Christmas in Oxford

Given that I have no plans whatsoever for Christmas Eve or Christmas Day (aside from a short reception with the Warden’s family in Wadham on the 25th), I am looking for something interesting to do in Oxford during that period, aside from making calls through Skype to as many scattered friends as I can come up with phone numbers for. People have suggested to me that there are probably concerts ongoing, as well as curious and uniquely British forms of theatre. Last year, I just sat around as one of the two isolated residents of the college.

Does anyone know of anything interesting – and preferably distinctive to Oxford – that is happening on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day? It would be a shame to break my excellent streak of finding things other than the thesis on which to spend time.

Moral justifications for foreign aid

The secular moral justifications for giving aid seems to be divided between two strains: one focusing on payments being made in compensation for past or present harmful activity on the part of the giver (somewhat akin to domestic tort law) and one focusing on redistribution for reasons unrelated to any harm done by the giver to the receiver.

Note that this listing is meant to cover moral justifications only: self-interested rational calculations, like the prospect of creating new markets, are not being considered. The listing is meant to include justifications both for development aid used to build economic and social capacity over time and humanitarian aid used to help address immediate crises. I am not considering religious forms of morality.

Retributive:

  1. Compensation for past colonialism (including past support for repugnant but allied regimes during the Cold War and similar periods)
  2. Partial or complete redress for ongoing harmful activities (economic policies harmful to poor countries, exploitative international labour practices, arms sales, providing markets for illegal drugs and other problematic commodities, CO2 emissions, etc)

Redistributive:

  1. Providing funds and resources required to attain a basic standard of living, predicated on a notion of essential human rights
  2. Paying to reduce total human suffering, especially among the innocent
  3. Transferring wealth from those who already have a large amount, and thus derive less utility from each additional dollar, to those who have a small amount and thus gain more utility at the margin
  4. Giving aid based on a Rawlsian conception of hypothetical contract based on a veil of ignorance
  5. Compensating for the fact that some are poor and some are rich for arbitrary reasons, such as where they were born (See prior discussion about the morality of inequality)
  6. Giving aid based on the idea that the capacity to give charity and the existence of a world where it is required makes doing so obligatory for the giver

I am writing a paper for my developing world seminar on: “What is the moral case for wealthy countries to give aid to poorer countries? What kind of aid (if any) is justified?” and trying to come up with a comprehensive list of general reasons. Can anyone add to the list above?

Holiday to-do lists

Academic

  1. Complete first paper for Developing World seminar
  2. Complete second paper for Developing World seminar
  3. Complete masses of thesis reading
  4. Draft thesis introduction
  5. Draft thesis literature review
  6. Draft thesis background to case studies
  7. Finish the two issues of The Economist that arrived while I was in Turkey

Web / Photographic

  1. Post the best photos from Turkey to my Photo.net page (Done on 19 Dec)
  2. Post scanned T-Max images
  3. Post non-“photo of the day” images to blog and link into standard structures
  4. Create a new banner / theme for the blog for the new year?
  5. Help Mica migrate from his Blogger based site to a WordPress site with better capabilities?
  6. Work through some old bugs and feature suggestions.

Employment related

  1. Find a job for after June 16th

Time remaining for completion: 27 days. Probability of having time for another trip this break: low and falling.

Luton-bound in seven hours

Garden behind The Perch, near the Port Meadow

The Turkey plan has become a phased one: I will be leaving early this morning, from Luton Airport, and arriving tomorrow afternoon in Istanbul. I am to establish a position in the hotel and conduct some initial reconnaissance. My father will join me in Turkey the next day, and the day after that my cousin Ivanka will be arriving. I think of myself as the beachhead force: probably not up for sustained deployment, without the development of a logistical trail, but capable of flexibility and willing to take opportunities that arise.

This will be my first ever visit to the Middle East, and likewise to Asia. Everybody stresses how Istanbul is a contrasting place: between old and new, between faiths and regions. It should be fascinating to explore. Those who have never seen an aerial view of Istanbul’s unique geography should do so, so as to better understand.

Loading up my 60L hiking pack for this kind of an expedition reminds me of the wonderful time I spent in Italy with Meghan Mathieson in 2004. While the social dynamics will obviously be different here, it should be enjoyable to engage in that sort of peripatetic tourism. My digital photos should be online by the 17th, at the latest, with photos shot on film (T-Max 400) to follow in a couple of weeks.

PS. Pre-trip preparation has also included the ceremonial “removing of the Amnesty International ‘Protect the Human’ pin from my backpack.” It’s probably not the wisest emblem to display in a country that still charges people criminally for reading poetry in public. That’s doubly true, as I need to get a visa at the airport on my way in.

Data protection

After another serious failure of a computer used by a friend or family member, I feel obliged to remind people that Oxford provides excellent free comprehensive data backups. If you are basing your entire M.Phil or D.Phil project on files in a (theft-vulnerable and breakable) laptop, this is something you really must do.

I already wrote about it here.

As a special bonus – prompted by passing the 40,000 visitor mark on the blog – I will personally configure the Oxford backup system for the first graduate student friend of mine who leaves a comment requesting it. Call that a special bonus for people who are reading the blog in syndication.

[Update: 22 January 2007] Bad news for people with Intel-based Macs: the TSM backup client for Mac OS does not yet support them. Supposedly, a new one is being released in February. Until then, keep making backups to external hard disks or optical discs.

Further paternal Oxford exhibition

Haida totem pole, Pitt Rivers Museum

Today, my father and I visited the Natural History and Pitt Rivers Museums. I’ve been there many times before, but it is always good to introduce someone new. Those who have a passion for biology invariably find the thousands of specimens in the Natural History Museum fascinating; those less keen generally appreciate the architecture and a few ‘greatest hits.’ I also brought the mini tripod that I bought on eBay along with me. As such, I have much better photos of the low light areas than I had been able to take previously. Expect to see them cropping up on future days that have been too busy or unlucky to include any good photography.

The day also included a bit of wandering on Cowley Road and Evensong at Magdalen College. I appreciated the bit at the end when there was a prayer for “those who have no faith and thus have no hope,” though I felt a bit slighted by it as well. There are things aside from God in which to have faith, and there is plenty of reason to be hopeless, even if you believe in higher powers. The world is a complex thing, and it rarely accords with our ideals.

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Michaelmas concluded

Sunset on the Isis, Oxford

Only one term of classes remains for me at Oxford, since Trinity begins with the submission of my thesis, ends with exams, and seems to involve little except revision in the interim. I am hoping to wrangle myself one of the locking offices in the Wadham Library, so that I can entomb myself with notes and books: emerging haggard and unshaven to write a series of stellar essays in the exam schools.

I am actually fairly excited about international law next term. There is a real analytical depth to law that I’ve always found quite personally interesting. It’s a bit like science or strategic studies: there are expert issues to be considered, complex internal forms of examination, and at least the possibility that a rigorous answer can be reached (according to internal protocols, if not some over-arching standard of assessment).

PS. Organizational difficulties have begun to manifest themselves, as regards the Turkey trip. This I anticipated, to an extent, but did not expect to arise so soon.

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Live-blogging Keohane

Anyone interested in reading about Robert Keohane’s presentation to the Global Economic Governance Seminar can do so on my wiki. There is still nearly an hour in the session, so if someone posts a clever question as a comment, I will try to ask it. I doubt anyone will do so in time, but it would be a neat demonstration of the emerging capabilities of internet technology in education.

Since this is a publicly held lecture, I don’t see any reason whatsoever for which the notes should not be available. Those who don’t know who Robert Keohane is may want to have a look at the Wikipedia entry on him.

[Update: 7:30pm] Robert Keohane’s second presentation, given at Nuffield on anti-Americanism, was well argued but not too far off the conventional wisdom. I am here taking “the conventional wisdom” to be that in a survey on Anti-Americanism that I am almost sure ran in The Economist during the last couple of years.

Basically: it does exist, more so in the Middle East than anywhere else. The Iraq war has exacerbated it almost everywhere, but the biggest turn for the worse has been in Europe. The policy impact of Anti-Americanism is not very clear. Finally, lots of what would be taken as a legitimate political stance if expressed by an American at home is taken as Anti-Americanism elsewhere.

Keohane distinguished four sorts of Anti-Americanism, three of which have been expressed on this blog. The first was the kind grounded in the belief that the United States is not living up to its own values: what he called Liberal Anti-Americanism. Guantanamo, and everything that word conjures up, gives you the idea. The second is social Anti-Americanism: for instance, objections to the death penalty of the absence of state funded health care. The third is Anti-Americanism based on fear of encroachment into the domestic jurisdiction of your state, what he called the state sovereignty variety. The last was radical Anti-Americanism, which I would suggest is distinguished more by the language used to express it, the degree to which the positions taken are extreme, and the kind of actions justified using it than by the kind of analysis that underscores the rational components thereof.